Mountains means the 58 municipalities that ISTAT, Italy's statistics office, classifies as inland mountain. They cover 3,414 km², 43% of the region, yet only 59,833 people live here, 5% of the total: about 18 inhabitants per km², against a regional average of 150. Forty-two of the 58 have fewer than a thousand residents; the largest is Tolmezzo, with 9,702.
Town halls stand between 159 metres, at San Leonardo in the Natisone valleys, and 1,242 metres at Sappada; half of them are above roughly 480 metres. According to ISTAT's terrain model, the highest point of any municipality is in Forni Avoltri, at 2,752 metres.
From Klagenfurt, Salzburg and Munich this is the nearest of the four areas. Driving without traffic, Tarvisio is about 45 minutes from Klagenfurt, 2 h 27 min from Salzburg and 3 h 46 min from Munich; from Munich the median across the 58 municipalities is 4 h 38 min, compared with 5 h 13 min for the coast. From Udine the median is 59 minutes, from Trieste 1 h 44 min.